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As you saw in the last handful of sections, one application inspection feature is to add the additional TCP data connection dynamically to the conn table as needed Another issue the appliance will handle is if the appliance is performing address translation on the embedded addressing information if it conflicts with an existing PAT entry in the xlate table if this is the case, the appliance will change the embedded port information in the payload and create a new translation entry in the xlate table for the connection The appliances have supported both features for many years New in version 7 is in-depth application layer inspection of FTP, where you can set up additional policies about what commands can be executed on the control connection, along with the user accounts used and the directories and files accessed, among many other things

last, the account may contain either $450 or $400, rather than the correct value of $350 To guard against this possibility, the system must maintain some form of supervision But supervision is dif cult to provide because data may be accessed by many different application programs that have not been coordinated previously Security problems Not every user of the database system should be able to access all the data For example, in a banking system, payroll personnel need to see only that part of the database that has information about the various bank employees They do not need access to information about customer accounts But, since application programs are added to the system in an ad hoc manner, enforcing such security constraints is dif cult These dif culties, among others, prompted the development of database systems In what follows, we shall see the concepts and algorithms that enable database systems to solve the problems with le-processing systems In most of this book, we use a bank enterprise as a running example of a typical data-processing application found in a corporation

A database system is a collection of interrelated les and a set of programs that allow users to access and modify these les A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the data That is, the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained

The following sections will discuss how to configure layer 7 class and policy maps and how to associate these with a layer 3/4 inspection policy for FTP

For the system to be usable, it must retrieve data ef ciently The need for ef ciency has led designers to use complex data structures to represent data in the database Since many database-systems users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify users interactions with the system: Physical level The lowest level of abstraction describes how the data are actually stored The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail Logical level The next-higher level of abstraction describes what data are stored in the database, and what relationships exist among those data The logical level thus describes the entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures Although implementation of the simple structures at the logical level may involve complex physical-level structures, the user of the logical level does not need to be aware of this complexity Database administrators, who must decide what information to keep in the database, use the logical level of abstraction

Well-designed sales compensation programs share similar design characteristics Use this list to review each sales compensation plan:

Layer 7 class maps for FTP allow you to match on additional criteria found in FTP payloads, like the servers that users are logging into, the user accounts logged into, the files (and their types) being accessed, and the commands being executed These can then be referenced in a layer 7 policy map where you can define your application layer policies Here is the syntax for setting up a layer 7 class map for FTP:

The McGraw Hill Companies, 2001

ciscoasa(config)# class-map type inspect ftp [match-all] L7_class_map_name ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match [not] filename regex {class regex_class_map_name | regex_name} ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match [not] filetype regex {class regex_class_map_name | regex_name} ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match [not] request-command FTP_command [FTP_command] ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match [not] server regex {class regex_class_map_name | regex_name} ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match [not] username regex {class regex_class_map_name | regex_name}

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